Jainism
Jainism does not worship a creator God; its names of reverence belong to souls who have conquered passion and karma: the Jinas and Arihants who teach, and the Siddhas who are fully liberated. Every soul is held to be potentially divine, and the Namokar Mantra honours five 'supreme ones', of whom only the first two are perfected beings.
- Jinaजिन
The Conqueror: one who has conquered attachment, aversion and all inner enemies. Jainism takes its name from it.
Ascribed to the Tirthankaras, such as Mahavira, once they attain omniscience.
Kalpa Sutra, Life of Mahavira §121 ↗ - 1Arihant (Arhat)अरिहंत
The Worthy One, or Destroyer of inner enemies: an enlightened soul still in a body, who teaches the path.
First of the five honoured in the Namokar Mantra ('Namo Arihantanam'). The Kalpa Sutra says Mahavira became 'a Jina and Arhat'.
Kalpa Sutra, Life of Mahavira §121 ↗ - 2Siddhaसिद्ध
The Perfected One: a soul freed from all karma, dwelling forever at the summit of the universe in infinite knowledge and bliss.
Second of the Namokar Mantra's five. Uttaradhyayana 36.50–68 describes where the Siddhas reside.
Kalpa Sutra, Life of Mahavira §123; Uttaradhyayana 36 ↗ - 3Acharyaआयरिय
The Preceptor: head of a community of ascetics, who leads it in conduct and doctrine.
Third of the Namokar Mantra's five. Revered as a guide, but not yet a liberated soul.
Namokar Mantra, line 3 ↗ - 4Upadhyayaउवज्झाय
The Teacher: the ascetic who teaches the scriptures to others.
Fourth of the Namokar Mantra's five. Revered, but not yet liberated.
Namokar Mantra, line 4 ↗ - 5Sadhuसाहू
All the monks and nuns in the world who walk the path of renunciation.
Fifth of the Namokar Mantra's five ('Namo Loe Savva Sahunam'). Revered, but not yet liberated.
Namokar Mantra, line 5 ↗ - Tirthankaraतीर्थंकर
Ford-Maker: one who builds a crossing over the river of rebirth and founds the fourfold community. Twenty-four appear in each age.
Ascribed to the twenty-four Jinas, from Rishabha to Mahavira.
Kalpa Sutra, Epochs of the Intermediate Tirthankaras ↗ - Kevalinकेवली
The one possessing kevala, absolute and complete knowledge.
Ascribed to all souls who reach omniscience, including Tirthankaras.
Kalpa Sutra, Life of Mahavira §120–121 ↗ - Sarvajñaसर्वज्ञ
The All-Knowing: one who knows all things, past, present and future, directly.
Ascribed to the Jinas and Kevalins. The Kalpa Sutra calls Mahavira 'omniscient and comprehending all objects'.
Kalpa Sutra, Life of Mahavira §121 ↗ - Vitaragaवीतराग
The Passionless: one wholly free of attachment and aversion.
Ascribed to the Jinas; Jain images of the Tirthankaras show this serene detachment.
Uttaradhyayana 32.108 ↗ - Paramatmanपरमात्मा
The Supreme Soul: any soul in its pure, perfected state, its own divinity fully revealed.
In Jainism a state every soul can reach, not a single creator; the liberated are 'God' only in this sense.
Jain usage of Paramatman (reference) ↗ - Parameshthiपरमेष्ठी
The Supreme Ones: the collective title of the five honoured in the Namokar Mantra (Pancha Parameshthi).
Ascribed to Arihants, Siddhas, Acharyas, Upadhyayas and Sadhus together.
Pancha Parameshthi (reference) ↗