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Buddhism

Arising from the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, Buddhism centres on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path: understanding suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the way to that cessation. Loving-kindness (metta), compassion (karuna), and non-harm run through all its schools.

Began
c. 5th century BCE
Where
Northern India / Nepal
Followers today
~500 million
Texts quoted
Dhammapada, Sutta Nipata, Anguttara Nikaya, Digha Nikaya
Original language
Pali (Latin transliteration)

52 verses across 16 themes

Love of the Divine

4
Anguttara Nikaya 2.32
The true person is grateful and thankful, for the virtuous only know how to be grateful and thankful. It is totally the level of a true person to be grateful and thankful.
Sutta Nipata 2.4
Respect and placidity, contentment and gratitude, and timely listening to the teaching: this is the highest blessing. Patience, being easy to admonish, the sight of ascetics, and timely discussion of the teaching: this is the highest blessing.
Dhammapada 296-298
The disciples of Gotama (Buddha) are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on Buddha. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on the law. The disciples of Gotama are always well awake, and their thoughts day and night are always set on the church.
Dhammapada 190-192
He who takes refuge with Buddha, the Law, and the Church; he who, with clear understanding, sees the four holy truths:-- Viz. pain, the origin of pain, the destruction of pain, and the eightfold holy way that leads to the quieting of pain;-- That is the safe refuge, that is the best refuge; having gone to that refuge, a man is delivered from all pain.
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Love of Neighbour

5
Sutta Nipata 1.8
Even as a mother would protect with her life her child, her only child, so too for all creatures unfold a boundless heart. With love for the whole world, unfold a boundless heart: above, below, all round, unconstricted, without enmity or foe.
Dhammapada 129-130
All men tremble at punishment, all men fear death; remember that you are like unto them, and do not kill, nor cause slaughter. All men tremble at punishment, all men love life; remember that thou art like unto them, and do not kill, nor cause slaughter.
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Compassion & Mercy

3
Dhammapada 270
A man is not an elect (Ariya) because he injures living creatures; because he has pity on all living creatures, therefore is a man called Ariya.
Sutta Nipata 1.8
Even as a mother would protect with her life her child, her only child, so too for all creatures unfold a boundless heart. With love for the whole world, unfold a boundless heart: above, below, all round, unconstricted, without enmity or foe.
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Forgiveness

4
Dhammapada 172-173
He who formerly was reckless and afterwards became sober, brightens up this world, like the moon when freed from clouds. He whose evil deeds are covered by good deeds, brightens up this world, like the moon when freed from clouds.
Dhammapada 3-5
'He abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me,'--in those who harbour such thoughts hatred will never cease. 'He abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me,'--in those who do not harbour such thoughts hatred will cease. For hatred does not cease by hatred at any time: hatred ceases by love, this is an old rule.
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Truthfulness & Integrity

3
Dhammapada 256-257
A man is not just if he carries a matter by violence; no, he who distinguishes both right and wrong, who is learned and leads others, not by violence, but by law and equity, and who is guarded by the law and intelligent, he is called just.
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Humility

5
Dhammapada 50
Not the perversities of others, not their sins of commission or omission, but his own misdeeds and negligences should a sage take notice of.
Dhammapada 252
The fault of others is easily perceived, but that of oneself is difficult to perceive; a man winnows his neighbour's faults like chaff, but his own fault he hides, as a cheat hides the bad die from the gambler.
Sutta Nipata 2.4
Respect and placidity, contentment and gratitude, and timely listening to the teaching: this is the highest blessing. Patience, being easy to admonish, the sight of ascetics, and timely discussion of the teaching: this is the highest blessing.
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Generosity & Charity

5
Dhammapada 177
The uncharitable do not go to the world of the gods; fools only do not praise liberality; a wise man rejoices in liberality, and through it becomes blessed in the other world.
Digha Nikaya 31
Giving and kindly words, taking care here, and treating equally in worldly conditions, as they deserve in each case; these ways of being inclusive in the world are like a moving chariot’s linchpin. …
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Peace & Non-violence

11
Dhammapada 129-130
All men tremble at punishment, all men fear death; remember that you are like unto them, and do not kill, nor cause slaughter. All men tremble at punishment, all men love life; remember that thou art like unto them, and do not kill, nor cause slaughter.
Dhammapada 3-5
'He abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me,'--in those who harbour such thoughts hatred will never cease. 'He abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me,'--in those who do not harbour such thoughts hatred will cease. For hatred does not cease by hatred at any time: hatred ceases by love, this is an old rule.
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Living in & Caring for Nature

4
Dhammapada 270
A man is not an elect (Ariya) because he injures living creatures; because he has pity on all living creatures, therefore is a man called Ariya.
Sutta Nipata 1.8
Whatever living creatures there are with not a one left out— frail or firm, long or large, medium, small, tiny or round, seen or unseen, living far or near, those who have been born and those about to be born— may all beings be happy!
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Patience & Tolerance

7
Dhammapada 50
Not the perversities of others, not their sins of commission or omission, but his own misdeeds and negligences should a sage take notice of.
Dhammapada 184
The Awakened call patience the highest penance, long-suffering the highest Nirvâna; for he is not an anchorite (pravragita) who strikes others, he is not an ascetic (sramana) who insults others.
Dhammapada 252
The fault of others is easily perceived, but that of oneself is difficult to perceive; a man winnows his neighbour's faults like chaff, but his own fault he hides, as a cheat hides the bad die from the gambler.
Sutta Nipata 2.4
Respect and placidity, contentment and gratitude, and timely listening to the teaching: this is the highest blessing. Patience, being easy to admonish, the sight of ascetics, and timely discussion of the teaching: this is the highest blessing.
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Self-discipline & Inner Life

9
Dhammapada 1
All that we are is the result of what we have thought: it is founded on our thoughts, it is made up of our thoughts. If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him, as the wheel follows the foot of the ox that draws the carriage.
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Wisdom & the Pursuit of Knowledge

7
Dhammapada 282
Through zeal knowledge is gotten, through lack of zeal knowledge is lost; let a man who knows this double path of gain and loss thus place himself that knowledge may grow.
Dhammapada 11-12
They who imagine truth in untruth, and see untruth in truth, never arrive at truth, but follow vain desires. They who know truth in truth, and untruth in untruth, arrive at truth, and follow true desires.
Dhammapada 256-257
A man is not just if he carries a matter by violence; no, he who distinguishes both right and wrong, who is learned and leads others, not by violence, but by law and equity, and who is guarded by the law and intelligent, he is called just.
Dhammapada 76-77
If you see an intelligent man who tells you where true treasures are to be found, who shows what is to be avoided, and administers reproofs, follow that wise man; it will be better, not worse, for those who follow him. Let him admonish, let him teach, let him forbid what is improper!--he will be beloved of the good, by the bad he will be hated.
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Family & Honouring Parents

5
Digha Nikaya 31
A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking: ‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’ …
Anguttara Nikaya 4.63
Parents are said to be ‘Divinity’ and ‘first tutors’. They’re worthy of offerings dedicated to the gods from their children, for they love their offspring. Therefore an astute person would revere them and honor them with food and drink, clothes and bedding, by anointing and bathing, and by washing their feet. Because they look after their parents like this, they’re praised in this life by the astute, and they depart to rejoice in heaven.
Anguttara Nikaya 2.33
Mendicants, I say that these two individuals cannot easily be repaid. What two? Mother and father. You would not have done enough to repay your mother and father even if you were to carry your mother around on one shoulder and your father on the other, and if you lived like this for a hundred years, and if you were to anoint, massage, bathe, and rub them; … Parents are very helpful to their children: they raise them, nurture them, and show them the world. …
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Mortality & the Passing of Life

5
Dhammapada 21
Earnestness is the path of immortality (Nirvâna), thoughtlessness the path of death. Those who are in earnest do not die, those who are thoughtless are as if dead already.
Sutta Nipata 3.8
Even if a human lives a hundred years or more, they are parted from their family circle, they leave this life behind. Therefore, having learned from the Perfected One, dispel lamentation. Seeing the dead and departed, think: “I cannot escape this.” …
Dhammapada 286-288
'Here I shall dwell in the rain, here in winter and summer,' thus the fool meditates, and does not think of his death. Death comes and carries off that man, praised for his children and flocks, his mind distracted, as a flood carries off a sleeping village. Sons are no help, nor a father, nor relations; there is no help from kinsfolk for one whom death has seized.
Sutta Nipata 3.8
Unforeseen and unknown is the extent of this mortal life— hard and short and bound to pain. There is no way that those born will not die. On reaching old age death follows: such is the nature of living creatures. As ripe fruit are always in danger of falling, so mortals once born are always in danger of death. As clay pots made by a potter all end up being broken, so is the life of mortals. …
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Work, Service & Honest Living

5
Dhammapada 21
Earnestness is the path of immortality (Nirvâna), thoughtlessness the path of death. Those who are in earnest do not die, those who are thoughtless are as if dead already.
Dhammapada 280
He who does not rouse himself when it is time to rise, who, though young and strong, is full of sloth, whose will and thought are weak, that lazy and idle man will never find the way to knowledge.
Digha Nikaya 31
Giving and kindly words, taking care here, and treating equally in worldly conditions, as they deserve in each case; these ways of being inclusive in the world are like a moving chariot’s linchpin. …
Anguttara Nikaya 5.41
Householder, there are these five reasons to get rich. What five? Firstly, with his legitimate wealth—earned by his efforts and initiative, built up with his own hands, gathered by the sweat of the brow—a noble disciple makes himself happy and pleased, keeping himself properly happy. He makes his mother and father happy … He makes his children, partners, bondservants, workers, and staff happy …
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Karma: As You Sow

1
Dhammapada 1
All that we are is the result of what we have thought: it is founded on our thoughts, it is made up of our thoughts. If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him, as the wheel follows the foot of the ox that draws the carriage.
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